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What are Linux Commands?
Linux provides a powerful command-line interface compared to other operating systems such as Windows and macOS. We can do basic work and advanced work through its terminal. We can do some basic tasks such as creating a file, deleting a file, moving a file, and more.
Linux Commands are simply used to locate the executable file associated with the given command by searching it in the path environment variable. Here is a list of different types of Linux Commands used by the users.
Linux Commands List
Given Below is the list of Linux Commands
File Commands
Sr. No.
Commands
Command Description
1.
ls
Directory Listing
2.
ls -al
Formatted listing with hidden files
3.
ls -lt
Sorting the Formatted listing by time modification
4.
cd dir
Change directory to dir
5.
cd
Change to the home directory
6.
pwd
Show current working directory
7.
mkdir dir
Creating a directory dir
8.
cat >file
Places the standard input into the file
9.
more file
Output the contents of the file
10.
head file
Output the first 10 lines of the file
11.
tail file
Output the last 10 lines of the file
12.
tail -f file
Output the contents of the file as it grows, starting with the last 10 lines
13.
touch file
Create or update the file
14.
rm file
Deleting the file
15.
rm -r dir
Deleting the directory
16.
rm -f file
Force to remove the file
17.
rm -rf dir
Force to remove the directory dir
18.
cp file1 file2
Copy the contents of file1 to file2
19.
cp -r dir1 dir2
Copy dir1 to dir2;create dir2 if not present
20.
mv file1 file2
Rename or move file1 to file2,if file2 is an existing directory
21.
ln -s file link
Create a symbolic link to the file
Process Management
Sr. No.
Commands
Command Description
1.
ps
To display the currently working processes
2.
top
Display all running process
3.
kill pid
Kill the process with the given pid
4.
killall proc
Kill all the processes named proc
5.
pkill pattern
Will kill all processes matching the pattern
6.
bg
List stopped or background jobs, resume a stopped job in the background
7.
fg
Brings the most recent job to the foreground
8.
fg n
Brings the job n to the foreground
File Permission
Sr. No.
Commands
Command Description
1.
chmod octal file
Change the permission of the file to octal, which can be found separately for user, group, and world by adding, 4-read(r)2-write(w)1-execute(x)
Searching
Sr. No.
Commands
Commands Description
1.
grep pattern file
Search for a pattern in the file
2.
grep -r pattern dir
Search recursively for patterns in the dir
3.
command | grep pattern
Search pattern in the output of a command
4.
locate file
Find all instances of file
5.
find. -name filename
Searches in the current directory (represented by a period) and below it, for files and directories with names starting with the filename
6.
pgrep pattern
Searches for all the named processes, that match with the pattern and, by default, return their ID
System Info
Sr. No.
Commands
Command Description
1.
date
Show the current date and time
2.
cal
Show this month’s calendar
3.
uptime
Show current uptime
4.
w
Display who is online
5.
whoami
Who you are logged in as
6.
finger user
Display information about a user
7.
uname -a
Show kernel information
8.
cat /proc/cpuinfo
Cpu information
9.
cat proc/meminfo
Memory information
10.
man command
Show the manual for command
11.
df
Show the disk usage
12.
du
Show directory space usage
13.
free
Show memory and swap usage
14.
where is app
Show possible locations of the app
15.
which app
Show which applications will be run by default
Compression
Sr. No.
Commands
Command-List
1.
tar cf file.tar file
Create a tar named file.tar containing a file
2.
tar xf file.tar
Extract the files from file.tar
3.
tar czf file.tar.gz files
Create a tar with Gzip compression
4.
tar xzf file.tar.gz
Extract a tar using Gzip
5.
tar cjf file.tar.bz2
Create a tar with Bzip2 compression
6.
tar xjf file.tar.bz2
Extract a tar using Bzip2
7.
gzip file
Compresses file and renames it to file.gz
8.
gzip -d file.gz
Decompresses file.gz back to file
Network
Sr. No.
Commands
Command-List
1.
ping host
Ping host and output results
2.
whois domain
Get whois information for domains
3.
dig domain
Get DNS information for a domain
4.
dig -x host
Reverse lookup host
5.
wget file
Download file
6.
wget -c file
Continue a stopped download
Shortucts
Sr. No.
Commands
Command-List
1.
ctrl+c
Halts the current command
2.
ctrl+z
Stops the current command, resume with fg in the foreground or bg in the background
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